"First Look: FIBONACCI-Numbers and LUCAS-Numbers and Newcastle disease virus: A Very Reasonable Fit" by Stefan Geier

First Look: FIBONACCI-Numbers and LUCAS-Numbers and Newcastle disease virus: A Very Reasonable Fit
by Stefan Geier

Newcastle disease virus follows a 5 + 3 = 8 scheme with Fibonacci-numbers F(5) + F(4) = F(6) as seen in panel A of Figure 1 by Yuqi Duan, Guiying Leng, Menglan Liu and Zhiqiang Duan 2025.

The first Fibonacci-numbers and Lucas-numbers:

Fibonacci F(n): 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, ...

Lucas L(n): 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 76, 123, ...

Evidence:

Fig 1. Schematic representation of NDV genome-coded products and genome organization. (A) Diagram of NDV genome and genome-encoded proteins. (B) The numbers in parentheses of NDV genome map indicate the nt lengths of viral non-transcribed Le, Tr, and IGSs. The first and second row of numbers above the map indicate the nt and aa lengths of the viral genes and proteins, respectively. The position of nt insertion sites is shown below the map denoted by *, †, and ‡. (C) The gene-start, gene-end, and intergenic sequences are shown in negative-sense pattern.@article{DUAN2025105527,

title = {Advancements in the genomic feature of Newcastle disease virus and the multifaceted roles of non-structural proteins V/W in viral replication and pathogenesis},

journal = {Poultry Science},

volume = {104},

number = {10},

pages = {105527},

year = {2025},

issn = {0032-5791},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105527},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125007709},

author = {Yuqi Duan and Guiying Leng and Menglan Liu and Zhiqiang Duan},

keywords = {Newcastle disease virus, mRNA editing, non-structural protein, V protein, W protein},

abstract = {As a prototype of paramyxovirus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious avian pathogen that usually causes substantial economic losses to the global poultry industry. Like other paramyxoviruses, the RNA genome of NDV can encode six structural proteins and two additional non-structural proteins (known as V and W proteins). The V and W proteins produced by the NDV P gene mRNA editing have been demonstrated to be major immune evasion factors antagonizing type I interferon antiviral response. In addition, the V and W proteins are also found to determine the virulence and pathotype of NDV, and affect viral replication and pathogenicity by interacting with multiple cellular proteins. Over the past 30 years, numerous studies have been made to reveal the potential biological functions of the NDV V/W proteins, but knowledge of the structure and function of the V/W proteins is less in-depth than that of other NDV proteins or most paramyxoviruses. Meanwhile, the information available for reference remains scattered and a systematic overview is lacking. Thus, this review comprehensively summarizes the advancements in the genome organization and P gene mRNA editing of NDV, as well as the structural features, virulence, and pathotype correlations of the NDV V/W proteins. Additionally, the crucial roles of V/W-cellular protein interactions in NDV replication and pathogenicity are discussed. Finally, the future research directions and main challenges are briefly summarized. This review offers valuable insights for understanding the unclear replication and pathogenesis of NDV and developing intervention strategies to control the infection of NDV and related paramyxoviruses.}

}

Figure 3 from:

TY  - JOUR

AU  - Ma, Si

AU  - Xia, Rongjing

AU  - Wu, Wenjie

AU  - Duan, Zhiqiang

PY  - 2025

DA  - 2025/11/05

TI  - Insights into the multifunctionality of viral glycoproteins F and HN in the lifecycle and pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus: a systematic review

JO  - Veterinary Research

SP  - 212

VL  - 56

IS  - 1

AB  - Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a representative paramyxovirus that usually causes severe infections and substantial economic losses to the global poultry industry. Over the years, NDV has attracted widespread attention as a promising oncolytic virotherapy agent and vector vaccine against many pathogens and an important prototype for elucidating the replication and pathogenesis of other paramyxoviruses. The F and HN glycoproteins are two kinds of glycosylated transmembrane proteins located on the virion envelope that play multiple roles in the virulence, infection, replication, and pathogenicity of NDV. In view of the ability to induce neutralizing and protective antibodies and the similarity in the structural features of the F and HN glycoproteins of NDV and other paramyxoviruses, investigating their structures and functions is beneficial for understanding the viral lifecycle and pathogenesis and developing more effective broad-spectrum antibodies or antiviral drugs against viral infection. This systematic review aims to summarize the structural features and membrane fusion mechanism of the F and HN glycoproteins and their relationships with viral virulence, pathogenic phenotype and thermostability, coupled with the crucial roles of F/HN-host protein/compound interactions in the infection, replication, and pathogenicity of NDV. Additionally, this review also highlights the importance of technologies such as protein‒protein interactome analysis, single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening, and computational structural biology for providing novel viewpoints on the lifecycle and pathogenesis of NDV and related paramyxoviruses and valuable reference information for the future development of efficient treatment strategies targeting viral glycoproteins.

SN  - 1297-9716

UR  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01647-0

DO  - 10.1186/s13567-025-01647-0

ID  - Ma2025

ER  - 

In addition, as shown above the F trimer and the HN tetramer of the two spikes of Newcastle disease virus follow Fibonacci- and Lucas-numbers by 3=F(4)=L(2) and 4=L(3). (Compare with Andes hanta virus and Ebola virus: https://humanistischebetrachtungen1.blogspot.com/2026/05/first-look-fibobacci-numbers-and-lucas.html and https://humanistischebetrachtungen1.blogspot.com/2026/05/first-look-fibonacci-numbers-and-lucas.html.)

The above provides an at least very reasonable association of the Newcastle disease virus with the GEIER programme based on GEIER's Equations and FIBOBACCI-Numbers and LUCAS-Numbers.

Background: Newcastle virus disease in Rosenheim county 2026, https://www.ovb-heimatzeitungen.de/rosenheim-region/2026/05/18/weiterer-newcastle-fall-im-landkreis-muehldorf.ovb, OVB 19.05.2026, page 9.

Yours sincerely,
Stefan Geier
Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str.6
83071 Haidholzen, Germany